【範文】 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 •電子報登載：92/12

Recognition is a confusing mixture of international law, domestic law, and politics. It is important to distinguish political considerations from legal considerations, and to separate the legal issues that arise under international law from those arising under the domestic law of the recognizing state. Recognition is best defined as the willingness to deal with another state or government representing the state as a member of the international community. Public acts of recognition include formal notes, letters and telegrams sent through diplomatic envoys; formal oral public announcements; and the conclusion of bilateral agreements. Maintaining or severing diplomatic relations is not synonymous with recognition or non-recognition respectively. Recognition of a state or government is often done so expressly, but certain conduct may also imply recognition: (1) Entry into diplomatic relations implies recognition, but an exchange of trade 　 missions does not imply recognition. Conversely, the lack of diplomatic 　 relations does not imply a lack of recognition. (2) Signing a bilateral treaty subject to ratification implies recognition. (3) Common membership in international organizations does not imply recognition 　 of one another.

引自：Linda A. Malone, International Law (New York: Emanuel Publishing Corp., 1998), 51-52.

【單字及慣用語】

1. recognition　 (n) 承認

2. confusing　(a) 難以理解的

3. mixture　(n) 混合、混合物

4. domestic law　國內法

5. distinguish . . . from　區別

6. separate . . . from 　分開

7. recognizing state　承認國

8. willingness　(n) 意願

9. deal with　 處理、交涉

10. telegram　(n) 電報

11. diplomatic envoy　外交使節

12. conclusion　(n) 簽定、締結

13. bilateral agreement　雙邊條約

14. sever　(v) 切斷、割斷、中止

15. synonymous　(a) 同義的

16. entry into　締結

17. conversely　(adv) 相反地

18. bilateral treaty　雙邊條約

19. ratification　(n) 批准

【範文中譯】

「承認」，乃係一個混合國際法、國內法以及具有政治性的課題。在為承認時，重要的是；須將政治上的考量與法律上的考量予以區別；就本於國際法及承認國內國法所各別所產生的法律議題加以區分。所謂「承認」的定義係指，意與在國際社會上代表某國家的政府，予以交涉意願的表達。公開承認的行為包含：以透過外交使節所為的正式照會、書信、電報；正式、公開、口頭的宣示；以及透過簽定協定的方式為之。此外，維持外交關係或是斷絕外交關係，並非為承認或係不承認的同義詞。
國家或政府的承認，通常係以明示的方式為之。但亦可能以下述默示的方式為之：
(1) 外交關係的締結。但是貿易使節團的交換，並非為默示的政府承認。反面言之，
　 無外交關係，亦非暗示著不承認。
(2) 雙邊協定的簽定。
(3) 雖同屬於國際組織的會員國，但並非意指彼此間相互承認對方。